How to Prepare to Apply for Social Security Disability

The federal government provides income to individuals with disabilities through two programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) for people who paid into the program through taxes on earned income, and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for those with limited income and resources. In 2024, the SSA rejected more than 60 percent of initial disability applications. Preparation is critical.

The SSA’s Definition of Disability

A qualifying disability is a physical or mental impairment that will last at least 12 months or result in death, and prevents the individual from performing substantial gainful activity. To receive SSDI, an applicant must have earned enough credits through their work history. For SSI, strict income and resource limits apply.

The Adult Disability Starter Kit

The SSA’s Adult Disability Starter Kit offers a checklist, worksheet, and fact sheet to help prospective applicants organize information.

Checklist: What You’ll Need

Personal information:

• Birthdate and Social Security number
• Marital status and history
• Account numbers for benefits deposits
• Names and addresses of two people who can support your benefits claim

Medical information:

• Health care provider contact information
• List of your medications
• Past or scheduled medical tests
• Medical records you already have in your possession

Note: You do not need to request missing records or pay providers for them. The SSA will request records using the contact information you provide.

Employment history:

• Jobs you held in the five years before you became unable to work, including dates and hours
• Highest level of education and any specialized vocational training